Metabolic Disorders

Metabolic syndrome, otherwise known as Syndrome X or Insulin Resistance Syndrome, was first described by Gerald Reaven, MD, at Stanford University Medical Center. His theory is that the main characteristics of metabolic syndrome, mainly hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, contribute to the secondary features of metabolic syndrome, which include: high sugar levels, increased LDL and VLDL (the "bad" cholesterols), decreased HDL (the "good" cholesterol), elevated triglycerides, obesity and hypertension. Insulin resistance occurs when the cells lose the ability to utilize insulin correctly; sometimes the insulin receptors or the ability to mobilize receptors to the cell surface are affected. Since insulin is a fuel-regulating hormone that moves glucose into the cells for energy, insulin resistance can cause an increase in blood sugar and a decrease in available energy to the cells. Individuals with metabolic syndrome sometimes need 300-400% more insulin to maintain normal blood sugar levels, compared to healthy individuals. Metabolic syndrome patients are at a much higher risk of developing diabetes and heart disease.

Signs and Symptoms

Possible Causes or Contributing Factors

1. Overconsumption of refined carbohydrates (processed flour and sugar).
2. High fructose corn syrup (known to cause insulin resistance in laboratory animals). Americans are consuming about 83 pounds of corn sweeteners per year.
3. Lack of exercise.
4. Overeating.

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